What is an Actuator?

An actuator is a technical component that converts an electrical, thermal, or pneumatic signal into mechanical motion.
It is the “muscle system” of technical systems – no movement without it.

In many applications, actuators work with traditional drive technologies such as electric motors or hydraulics.
Ingpuls takes it further – with smart actuators based on shape memory alloys (SMAs).

How It Works

An actuator receives a control signal – such as voltage, temperature change, or force – and converts it into movement.

Examples:

  • Electric motor → Electrical signal → Rotation
  • Pneumatic cylinder → Pressure → Linear movement
  • SMA actuator → Heat → Return to original shape

The choice of actuator technology depends strongly on the application – space, force, energy consumption, cost, and speed are key factors.

Types of Actuators

  • Electromechanical (e.g. servomotors, linear drives)
  • Hydraulic (e.g. for high force applications)
  • Pneumatic (e.g. for pick-and-place systems)
  • Piezoelectric (high precision, small movements)
  • Thermomechanical (SMA) → Ingpuls specialty

Advantages of Smart Actuators

Actuators based on shape memory alloys offer:

  • Silent operation
  • Compact size
  • Maintenance-free functionality
  • Reversible motion
  • High fatigue resistance
  • Weight savings

They are especially suitable for use in:

  • Medical devices
  • Safety mechanisms
  • Smart devices
  • Building technology (e.g. sun protection)

Applications at a Glance

  • Automotive industry: Air flaps, door locks, active safety
  • Medical technology: Catheter control, microvalves
  • Building automation: Window and shading systems
  • Aerospace: Lightweight actuators
  • Consumer goods: Glasses, wearables, adaptive textiles

SMA Actuators at Ingpuls

Ingpuls specializes in shape memory actuators based on nickel-titanium alloys that generate mechanical motion through temperature changes.

Example products:

  • Wire actuators with programmed restoring force
  • Complete systems including sensors and electronics
  • Customized development and production

FAQ on Actuators

  • What is the difference between a motor and an actuator?
    A motor typically produces rotary motion – an actuator can generate any type of motion (linear, rotary, deforming).
  • What is an SMA actuator?
    An actuator powered by a shape memory alloy (e.g. Nitinol) – activated by heat, with no need for motors or gears.
  • How powerful are SMA actuators?
    They can deliver very high force in very small spaces – up to several hundred newtons, depending on geometry and temperature.
  • Where can I buy smart actuators?
    Directly from Ingpuls – from standard wires to fully customized actuator systems.